Olivier Roy is Directeur de recherche at the CNRS. He teaches at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) and has been Professor at the European University Institute in Florence since 2009. He is agrégé of philosophy at the Institut National des Langues et Civilisations orientales (Persian), where he also took his diploma. He is the author of L'échec de l'Islam politique (Seuil, Paris, 1992) and L'Islam mondialisé, Seuil, Paris, 2002 (English Edition: Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah, Columbia University Press, New York, 2006) and La sainte ignorance. Le temps des religions sans culture, Seuil, Paris, 2008 (English edition: Holy Ignorance: When Religion and Culture Part Ways, Columbia University Press, New York 2009).